History and Concept
In February 2006, SEI launched the Resource, Energy and Analysis Program (REAP): a software tool designed to track materials, carbon dioxide emissions and the Ecological Footprint through the UK economy by industrial sector, geographical area and socio-economic group.
To distinguish between different consumers, bottom up consumer spend, travel and energy use data is incorporated into the model. This tells us what and how much consumers buy. We can then attribute the environmental impacts of different products according to spend. At the regional level in the UK the model uses survey data, such as the Family Expenditure Survey and the National Travel Survey to tell us this information. At a local authority and postcode level these surveys do not exist so spending patterns are estimated using models and geo-demographic profiles.
Between January and June of 2008, SWT undertook testing with the REAP model to assess its usefulness in measuring the impact of tourists rather than residents.
South West residents energy use, spend on food and consumables and travel behaviour were replaced with figures collected for tourists to attempt to generate a tourist footprint figure.
Although this testing produced some interesting results and conclusions, it was evident that the tool was not completely adequate for this purpose. The categories in REAP relate very much to how residents consume and this meant, in some cases, the level of detail was too high or inappropriate for tourism.
For other areas, the REAP tool was not detailed enough. For example, ‘accommodation' needed to cover a range of different types including hotels, caravan parks, self catering and B&Bs, which all have very different energy demands and resource use.
A Bespoke Tourism Tool
A partnership was formed between SWT and SEI to develop a bespoke tool that could be used to inform regional tourism strategy and activity and an initial specification for a tourism footprint calculator was drafted in summer 2008. Two workshops were held in the South West to clarify the specification and to get feedback on the scope, development and structure of the tool.
Between July and December 2008, SEI and SWT worked together to design a structured, logical and attractive interface for the tool, refined and developed the conversion factors to relate tourist activity to environmental impact and identified, collected and collated data on tourists in the South West for 2006, to create the baseline for the tool.